Invasive Renal Artery Angiography Invasive renal artery angiography is considered the gold standard for the anatomical evaluation of the renal circulation. It consists of selective opacification of the renal artery through intra-arterial injection of iodinated contrast, typically performed via femoral or radial access under fluoroscopic guidance. Main Indications Suspected significant renal artery stenosis Resistant or accelerated hypertension Unexplained deterioration of renal function Recurren