Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that provides information about the elemental composition, chemical state, and electronic structure of a material's surface ...

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is based on the same principle as all photoelectron spectroscopy methods. If a molecule or material is irradiated with light of a known energy above the ionization ...

The basic physical process of irradiating a material with photons of a known energy and measuring the ejected photoelectrons has remained unchanged over six decades since it was first commercialized.

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

High-Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HPPES) advances catalysis research by enabling real-time surface analysis under ambient and high-pressure conditions.

An X-ray photoelectron spectrometer is an impressive bit of kit. The relatively low energy of the detected photoelectrons dictates that the experiments are performed in ultra-high vacuum. The ...