The Smith chart appeared in 1939 (Ref. 1) as a graph-based method of simplifying the complex math (that is, calculations involving variables of the form x + jy) needed to describe the characteristics ...

Ripples arise while characterizing devices at RF and microwave frequencies. RF engineers need to make sure that measurement set-up is properly calibrated and matched in order to avoid measurement ...

Building a successful microwave test system requires the use of many different components to control signal flow, signal level, and signal integrity. The design engineer must consider the impact of ...