Craniofacial abnormalities are some of the most common birth defects, ranging from cleft lips and palates to more severe disorders such as DiGeorge or Treacher-Collins syndromes. Craniofacial ...

The neural plate border region of vertebrate embryos gives rise to the neural crest and cranial placodes. Although the basal chordate amphioxus lacks a neural crest and most placodes, comparisons of ...

FGFs are established as key players during neural induction and also during the induction of ectodermal placodes and possibly the neural crest. FGFs are utilised in the posteriorization of the neural ...